The first Global Tree Assessment Report, part of the IUCN Red List update, highlights alarming threats to global biodiversity. Published during CBD COP16 in Cali, Colombia, the report reveals that nearly 38% of the world’s tree species are at risk of extinction, surpassing the combined threats faced by birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians.
Global Tree Assessment Report
- Evaluates all tree species globally for inclusion in the IUCN Red List.
- Aims to improve conservation information for better decision-making.
- Initiated in 2015 to prioritize conservation actions, research, and funding for species at risk of extinction.
- Partnerships with over 60 botanical organizations, 25 IUCN groups, and numerous global tree experts.
Key Findings
- Species at Risk:
- Analysis: 16,425 of 47,282 tree species assessed are threatened with extinction.
- Comparison: Threatened tree species exceed the combined total of endangered birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians.
- Geographic Spread: Trees in 192 countries are at risk.
- Case Study (India):
- Buchanania barberi in the South Western Ghats, classified as Critically Endangered.
- Germination trials revealed high seed viability, aiding conservation efforts.
- Main Threats:
- Deforestation:
- Land cleared for agriculture and livestock is a major driver, especially in tropical regions.
- Logging:
- Over 5,000 tree species used for timber, with 2,000+ exploited for food, medicine, and fuel.
- Invasive Species & Pests:
- Non-native species and diseases significantly affect tree populations in temperate zones.
- Climate Change:
- Rising temperatures, sea levels, and extreme weather events threaten tropical and island ecosystems.
- Deforestation:
Conservation Efforts
- Regional Initiatives:
- Successful protection efforts in Juan Fernández Islands, Cuba, Madagascar, and Fiji.
- National Strategies:
- Countries like Ghana, Colombia, Chile, and Kenya focus on tree-specific conservation strategies.
- Proactive Measures:
- Gabon designated key conservation areas for tree biodiversity preservation.
The Global Tree Assessment underscores the urgency of protecting the world’s tree species, which are crucial for ecological balance and human well-being. Strengthened global collaboration, policy focus, and sustainable practices are vital for reversing the alarming trends of tree extinction.
