India plans to launch its first quantum satellite within the next 2-3 years under the National Quantum Mission (NQM).
Quantum Satellite
A quantum satellite leverages the principles of quantum physics, such as entanglement and superposition, to enable ultra-secure communication.
- Quantum Cryptography: Uses quantum phenomena like entanglement and measurement to protect data.
- Quantum Key Distribution (QKD): Ensures encryption keys are securely exchanged. Any attempt to intercept the keys alters their quantum state, providing an alert.
- Photon Transmission: Encodes data in photons, transmitted through free space or fiber-optic cables.
Key Features:
- Quantum Key Distribution (QKD): Secure exchange of encryption keys.
- Quantum Entanglement: Instant detection of tampering.
- High-Speed Communication: Maintains data security without compromising speed.
- Global Reach: Facilitates secure long-distance communication via satellite-ground systems.
Advantages:
- Enhanced Security: Nearly hack-proof due to quantum measurement principles.
- Future-Proof Encryption: Resistant to threats from quantum computing.
- Strategic Applications: Vital for defense, banking, and secure government communications.
- Technological Leadership: Establishes a global edge in quantum technology.
Limitations:
- High Costs: Development and maintenance require significant resources.
- Distance Challenges: Signal degradation over long distances.
- Denial-of-Service Risks: Eavesdroppers can disrupt transmissions without accessing the data.
- Hardware Constraints: Upgrading or repairing quantum hardware is complex.
