Link between La Niña, Climate Change, and Air Quality
Research from the National Institute of Advanced Science (NIAS) shows that La Niña and climate change are closely linked to air quality.
Last winter (2022-23) saw Delhi experiencing its best air quality in a decade, due to La Nina.
The delayed onset of La Niña this Year and a late monsoon retreat are expected to worsen air quality in North India, particularly in Delhi, during the upcoming winter.
Key impacts include:
Extended Poor Air Quality: A slower monsoon withdrawal will lead to high humidity, calm winds, and reduced atmospheric mixing, trapping pollutants like PM2.5 and PM10 in the air.
Stubble Burning: If stubble burning coincides with La Niña’s delay, pollution levels could spike, particularly in November.
Weaker Monsoon Effects: A delayed La Niña could reduce wind strength and cyclonic activity, hindering the dispersion of pollutants and worsening air quality.
Health Risks: Increased focus is needed on toxic pollutants like PM2.5, which pose greater health risks than the traditionally emphasized PM10.
Uncertainty of La Niña: If La Niña strengthens by December, air quality may improve by January. However, further delays could prolong the pollution crisis.
(NOTE: Refer topic no. 23 of MAY Monthly magazine for details on EL NINO, LA NINA, ENSO, IOD)
