Key Concern: Low Life Expectancy in Assam
- Life expectancy in Assam: 66 years — lowest among Northeastern states.
- National average: ~69 years; neighbouring Nagaland: 75+ years.
- Lag in health outcomes despite ongoing efforts to improve maternal and infant mortality rates.
Major Contributing Factors
- Air pollution: Identified as the leading risk factor for premature deaths.
- Poor dietary habits: High intake of unhealthy food, lack of nutrition awareness.
- Other health risks:
- High blood pressure
- Smoking
- Inactive lifestyle
- Environmental hazards
Vulnerable Groups
- Children (0–15 years): Higher mortality rates compared to other NE states.
- Women and Children:
- 68% children (6 months–5 years) and 66% women are anemic (NFHS-5).
- Affected by malnutrition, low birth weights, and short gestation periods.
Environmental & Sanitation Issues
- Unsafe drinking water
- Poor sanitation and hygiene
- Exposure to particulate matter
- Lack of handwashing practices
- Overall environmental degradation worsens public health
Health Education: A Long-Term Solution
- Mandatory health education in schools
- Focus on:
- Nutrition
- Hygiene and sanitation
- Mental health
- Tobacco and substance abuse risks
- Pollution awareness
- Early awareness can foster positive health behaviour from childhood
Practical Recommendations
- Promote continued mask-wearing for air pollution control.
- Encourage use of affordable air purifiers in middle-income households.
- Improve public health infrastructure, especially in rural areas.
- Strengthen government initiatives for preventive care and adolescent health.
Way Forward
- The Assam government must:
- Adopt a targeted health approach for children and youth.
- Integrate school-based health curriculum.
- Take proactive steps in combating air pollution and improving nutrition and sanitation.
