The India Justice Report (IJR) 2025 has been released, assessing the justice delivery performance of Indian states.
What is the India Justice Report (IJR)?
- About: First-of-its-kind periodic national report ranking states’ capacity to deliver justice.
- Four Pillars:
- Police
- Prisons
- Judiciary
- Legal Aid & SHRCs
- Assessment Parameters:
- Human resources
- Infrastructure
- Budgets
- Workload
- Diversity
- State Categorization:
- Large/Mid-sized: Population > 1 crore
- Small States: Population < 1 crore
Key Findings of IJR 2025
Top Ranked States
- Large/Mid-sized: Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana
- Small: Sikkim
- Most Improved: Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Odisha
Police
- Women in Police: Only 8% officers; 90% are constables; < 1,000 in IPS roles
- Help Desks: 78% police stations have Women Help Desks
- Shortages: 28% officer shortfall; 1 cop per 831 people (global norm: 222 per lakh)
- Per Capita Spend: Highest among pillars – ₹1,275
Judiciary
- Judge-Population Ratio: 15 per million (recommended: 50)
- Vacancies: 33% in HCs; 21% in district courts
- Budget: ₹182 per capita annually; no state allocates >1% of budget
- Legal Aid: ₹6 per capita; 38% drop in Paralegal Volunteers (PLVs) over 5 years
Prisons
- Occupancy Rate: 131%
- Staff Shortages:
- 28% officer gap
- 44% correctional staff
- 43% medical staff
- Doctor-Inmate Ratio: 1:775 (norm: 1:300)
- Under-trials: 76% of prisoners; many in custody for 3–5 years
- Rehabilitation: Only 6% got education, 2% vocational training in 2022
- Caste-based Segregation: Still persists despite SC ruling in 2024
