Multiple intelligence inputs indicate that the ULFA(I) is becoming active in the region and is planning a series of sabotage acts ahead of its “protest day” on November 28, keeping security agencies on alert.
Evolution of ULFA:
The United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) is a militant organization in Assam, India, with a history marked by armed struggle and subsequent peace efforts.
Formation (1979):
- Established on April 7, 1979, in Sivasagar, Assam.
- Key founders: Paresh Baruah, Arabinda Rajkhowa, Anup Chetia.
- Objective: An independent Assam through armed resistance.
Early Insurgency (1985–1990):
- Expanded militant operations, including extortion and attacks on state infrastructure.
- Built ties with other insurgent groups like NSCN and KIA.
- 1990: Indian government declared ULFA a terrorist organization and launched Operation Bajrang.
Decline and Factionalism (1991–2000):
- Sustained military pressure weakened ULFA’s strength.
- Operation Rhino (1991): Continued military pressure on ULFA.
- Many ULFA members surrendered, forming the SULFA (Surrendered ULFA) faction.
- Internal rifts began, creating factions within the organization.
Military Operations Against ULFA at international level:
- Operation All Clear (2003): Destroyed ULFA camps in Bhutan with help from the Royal Bhutan Army.
Peace Initiatives (2001–2010):
- 2005: ULFA formed a People’s Consultative Group to explore peace talks.
- Talks stalled, leading to resumed violence and factional disagreements.
- A split emerged: Paresh Baruah’s anti-talks ULFA-I faction vs. Rajkhowa’s pro-talks faction.
Peace Accord (2011–2023):
- Pro-talks faction entered a ceasefire agreement in 2011.
- December 2023: Signed a tripartite peace accord with Indian and Assam governments.
- Accord terms: Disbanding of ULFA, rehabilitation of ex-militants, development commitments for Assam.
Current Status (2024):
- Accord includes assurances for Assamese cultural protections and local investments.
- The ULFA-I faction, led by Paresh Baruah, remains active outside the peace process.
