About the United Nations Security Council (UNSC)
- One of the five principal organs of the United Nations (UN).
- Headquarters: UN HQ, New York City
- Primary role: Maintain international peace and security.
- Decisions of the UNSC are binding on all UN member states.
- Powers include:
- Determining threats to peace
- Recommending conflict resolution measures
- Imposing sanctions
- Authorising the use of force
Structure and Membership
- 15 members: Each has one vote.
- Permanent members (P5) with veto power:
- China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States
- 10 non-permanent members:
- Elected for 2-year terms by the UN General Assembly
- Geographical distribution:
- 5 from Africa/Asia
- 1 from Eastern Europe
- 2 from Latin America
- 2 from Western Europe and Others
The non permanent members:
- Algeria (2025)
- Denmark (2026)
- Greece (2026)
- Guyana (2025)
- Pakistan (2026)
- Panama (2026)
- Republic of Korea (2025)
- Sierra Leone (2025)
- Slovenia (2025)
- Somalia (2026)
G4 Nations and India’s Advocacy for Reform
- G4 countries: India, Brazil, Germany, Japan
- Demand reform to reflect contemporary geopolitical realities.
- Recent IGN (Intergovernmental Negotiations) meeting: India called current structure outdated.
- G4 proposal:
- Expand Council to 25–26 members
- 11 permanent members, 14–15 non-permanent members
- Urge all member states to submit reform models for formal negotiation
